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TOFD theory and principles of diffraction, hardware (pulsers, receivers, motor control, encoders), data acquisition and interpretation, TOFD techniques and applications, equipment selection, calibration and optimisation, optimising PCS and angles, flaw location and sizing, limitations of detection and resolution, codes and standards, reporting. |
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In AUT of pipeline girth welds a series of probes or a phased array probe is mounted on a band strapped around the pipe adjacent to the weld and is driven around the pipe's circumference. As the probe(s) travel around the pipe, ultrasonic data is collected from the weld and the software enables flaw sizes and positions to be displayed. Very fast scanning speeds (~100mm/s) are called for, since, to keep pace with construction, it is necessary to complete a weld inspection every 2-4 minutes. AUT is replacing radiography for pipeline girth weld inspections worldwide. |